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To enhance understanding of Al-Islam in light of a changing world, IMAS is providing the following articles to give an historical perspective of the Muslim African American experience regarding education.
The Sister Clara Muhammad Schools: Pioneers in the Development of Islamic Education in America
Hakim M. Rashid and Zakiyyah Muhammad The Journal of Negro Education, Vol. 61, No. 2, African Americans and Independent Schools: Status, Attainment, and Issues (Spring, 1992), pp. 178-185.
Islamic Schools in the United States: Perspectives of Identity, Relevance and Governance
by Zakiyyah Muhammad
“Faith and Courage to Educate Our Own: Reflections on Islamic Schools in the African American Community”
by Zakiyyah Muhammad; p. 261-279, in
Black Education: A Transformative Research and Action Agenda for the New Century
Edited by Joyce E. King
“A Declaration of Intellectual Independence for Human Freedom” by Dr. Joyce King; p. 19-42.
“Islamic Education in America: An Historical Overview with Future Projections” by Zakiyyah Muhammad; p. 87-96.
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